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The horsepower of the tractor doesn't matter as long as it is sufficient to power the mower. When you say you brought the tractor up to "PTO idle" what do you mean by that? Did you bring the tractor up to the PTO mark on the tachometer before engaging it? That could be what caused the joint to break. You should engage the PTO at idle speed, then bring the tractor up to the proper operating RPM's. That makes for a slower engagement which is easier on the equipment. The joint could have been bad to begin with, and simply engaging it caused it to shear. There is a lot of force on the shaft to get the mower spun up because the mower has a flywheel under the deck to help keep it spinning. If you have a lever to engage the PTO, it should feather into gear as you move it from off to on. Bring it into gear slowly to allow the shaft to come up to speed slowly, not abruptly. If you have a switch, then it should engage slowly on its own.
As for the shaft, you should be able to pick one up at a tractor supply shop. Tractor Supply Company, Northern Tool & Equipment, and other type stores should carry them. We have Fleet Farm around here that carries a wide range of shafts. They are pretty universal, you just have to make sure the end that goes on the unit has the proper diameter to fit over the shaft and has the same type of end as the old one (spline shaft, keyed shaft, shear bolt design, etc) and that the tractor end matches the type of PTO you have on the tractor (540 RPM coarse spline, 1000 RPM fine spline). Also make sure you are running the PTO in the proper range. My IH tractors have two PTO shafts, one 540 RPM shaft and one 1000 RPM shaft. You just hook the implement to the proper shaft and go. Most modern tractors just use one shaft that you can shift into one speed or the other with either a lever somewhere or a switch in the cab. Some have you swap out the PTO shaft in the tractor for the proper one (John Deere does this).
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'76 IH 1066 Turbo Diesel, '73 IH 766 Diesel, '72 IH 574 Utility Gas, '56 IH 350 Utility Gas, '46 Farmall H Gas, '08 Bobcat Toolcat 5600 Turbo
Nobody puts that "C" word in front of MY International!
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